Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Parts of Speech
Nouns
Pronouns
Verbs
Prepositions
Adjectives
Adverbs
Conjunctions
Interjections
Words as more than one part of speech
Chapter 2: Sentence Basics
Subjects and their modifiers
Verbs and their modifiers, complements, and objects
Chapter 3: Phrases
Prepositional
Verbal
Absolute
Chapter 4: Clauses
Independent
Dependent
Chapter 5: Sentence Types
Based on purpose
Based on structure
Chapter 6: Verbs
Tenses
Mood and voice
Irregular verbs
Subject-verb agreement
Chapter 7: Pronouns
Case
Usage
Agreement
Clear reference
Chapter 8: Adjectives and Adverbs
In comparisons
Good and well; bad and badly
Avoiding double negatives
Effective Sentences
Chapter 9: Fragments
Dependent-clause
Without a subject
Without a subject and a verb
For emphasis and dialogue
Chapter 10: Fused Sentences and Comma Splices
Fused sentences
Comma splices
Correction methods
Chapter 11: Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
Misplaced modifiers
Dangling modifiers
Chapter 12: Parallelism
Uses
Effects
Chapter 13: Sentence Variety and Style
Coordination and subordination
Sentence types and elements
Chapter 14: Word Choice
Slang
Jargon
Clichés
Wordiness
Showy language
Sexist language
Punctuation
Chapter 15: End Marks
The period
The question mark
The exclamation point
Chapter 16: The Comma
Independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction
Introductory material
Items in a series
Coordinate adjectives
Parenthetical expressions and absolute phrases
Nonessential clauses and phrases
Direct address, yes and no, mild interjections, expressions of contrast, and tag questions
Direct quotations
Dates, addresses, letters, and titles
Preventing misreading
Misuses
Chapter 17: The Semicolon
Independent clauses with no coordinating conjunction
Independent clauses with a transitional word or phrase
Items in a series when the items contain commas
Misuses
Chapter 18: The Colon
To direct attention
Conventional uses
Misuses
Chapter 19: The Apostrophe
Possession
Contractions
Certain plurals
Misuses
Chapter 20: Quotation Marks
Direct quotations
Titles of short works
Words used in a special sense
Definitions
With other punctuation
Misuses
Chapter 21: Other Punctuation Marks
The hyphen
The dash
Parentheses
Brackets
The ellipsis
The slash
Mechanics
Chapter 22: Manuscript Format
Materials and general methods
Text layout
Proofreading and correcting
Chapter 23: Capital Letters
First word in a sentence or direct quotation
First word of an independent clause that follows a colon
The word I
Titles
Opening and closing of a letter
Abbreviations
Proper nouns and adjectives
Chapter 24: Italics (Underlining)
Titles; names; foreign words; words, letters, and numbers referred to as such
For emphasis
Misuses
Chapter 25: Numbers
Words versus numeral
A number beginning a sentence
Conventional uses of numerals
Commas to indicate thousands
Chapter 26: Abbreviations
Appropriate uses in formal writing
Inappropriate uses in formal writing
Chapter 27: Spelling Improvement
The dictionary
Electronic spelling checker
Personal spelling list
Commonly confused words
Spelling rules
Commonly misspelled words
Usage
Chapter 28: Glossary of Usage
ESL Pointers
Chapter 29: Articles with Count and Noncount Nouns
A or an with nonspecific count nouns
The with specific nouns
Omitting articles
The with proper nouns
Chapter 30: Subjects and Verbs
Avoiding repeated subjects
Pronoun subjects and linking verbs
There and here at beginning of clauses
Not using the progressive tense of certain verbs
Transitive verbs for passive voice
Gerunds and infinitives after verbs
Chapter 31: Adjectives
Adjective order
Present and past participles
Chapter 32: Prepositions Used for Time and Place
Effective Writing
Chapter 33: Writing a Paragraph
Two elements of effective writing
Steps to effective writing
Chapter 34: Writing an Essay
A sample essay
The parts of an essay
Chapter 35: Writing a Research Paper
Finding a topic to research
Researching
Taking notes
Outlining
Drafting, revising, and proofreading
Documentation
Chapter 36: An Overview of Documentation
Citations within the text
List of sources
Styles of documentation
Chapter 37: MLA Style
Citations within the text
List of works cited
Endnotes or footnotes
38 APA Style
Citations within the text
List of references